Ngo-2017, xa imakethi yebhayisekile ekwabelwana ngayo yasekhaya yayiguquguquka ngokupheleleyo, ii-scooters zombane, iibhayisekile zombane kunye neebhayisekile ekwabelwana ngazo zaqala ukubonakala kwizixeko ezikhulu kulo lonke ulwandle.Nabani na kufuneka avule ifowuni kwaye askene ikhowudi enamacala amabini ukuvula kwaye uqale.
Kulo nyaka, i-Chinese Bao Zhoujia kunye ne-Sun Weiyao yaseka i-LimeBike (kamva eyathiywa ngokuba yiLime) eSilicon Valley ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokwabelana ngeebhayisikile ezingenazo iidockless, iibhayisekile zombane kunye nee-scooters zombane, kwaye bafumana ngaphezulu kwe-300 yezigidi zeedola zase-US ngaphantsi konyaka. I-1.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika, kwaye yandisa ishishini ngokukhawuleza ukuya eCalifornia, eFlorida, eWashington…
Malunga nelo xesha, intaka, eyasekwa ngowayesakuba ngumlawuli we-Lyft kunye no-Uber uTravis VanderZanden, nayo yahambisa ii-scooters zayo zombane ekwabelwana ngazo kwizitrato zesixeko, kwaye yagqiba imijikelo emi-4 yenkxaso-mali kwisithuba esingaphantsi konyaka, ngesixa-mali esingaphezulu. ngaphezu kwe-400 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika.“I-unicorn”, eyayiyeyona ikhawulezayo ukufikelela kuqingqo-mali lwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngelo xesha, yade yafikelela kwixabiso elimangalisayo le-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngoJuni ka-2018.
Eli libali eliphambeneyo eSilicon Valley.Kumbono wexesha elizayo lokuhamba ngokukwabelwanayo, ii-scooters zombane, izithuthi zombane ezinamavili amabini kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho ezinokusombulula ingxaki "yemayile yokugqibela" ziye zaba yintandokazi yabatyalo-mali.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, abatyali-mali batyale imali engaphezulu kwe-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiinkampani zaseYurophu naseMelika "zohambo oluncinci"-le yithuba legolide lezithuthi zombane ezabelwana ngazo phesheya.
Rhoqo ngeveki, iibrand zombane zescooter ekwabelwana ngazo ezimelwe ziimpawu ezinje ngeLime kunye neNtaka ziyakongeza amawaka ee-scooters zombane kwaye zibakhuthaze kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo ngokukhawuleza.
ILime, iNtaka, iSpin, iLink, iLyft… La magama kunye nezithuthuthu zawo zombane azihlali nje kwizikhundla eziphezulu ezitalatweni, kodwa zikwakwiphepha lokuqala lamaziko otyalo-mali.Kodwa emva koqhambuko ngequbuliso, ezi zangaphambili iiunicorns kwafuneka zijongane nobhaptizo olukhohlakeleyo lwentengiso.
Intaka, eyayikhe yaxabisa i-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, yadweliswa ngokudityaniswa kwe-SPAC.Ngoku ixabiso lesabelo salo lingaphantsi kweesenti ze-50, kwaye ixabiso layo liyi-135 yezigidi zeedola kuphela, ebonisa imeko ephantsi kwiimarike eziziiprayimari nezesekondari.Ikalika, eyaziwa ngokuba inkulu ekwabelwana ngayo isithuthuthu sombane umqhubi wombane, Uqikelelo lwakha lwafikelela kwi-2.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, kodwa uqikelelo lwaqhubeka lucutheka kwinkxaso-mali eyalandelayo, luwela kwi-510 yezigidi zeedola zase-US, ukuncipha kwe-79%.Emva kweendaba zokuba iya kudweliswa ngo-2022, ngoku ikhetha ngononophelo ukuqhubeka nokulinda.
Ngokucacileyo, ibali lokuhamba ekwabelwana ngalo kanye elinomtsalane ekwabelwana ngalo liye lancipha.Indlela ababenomdla ngayo abatyali-mali kunye namajelo eendaba ekuqaleni, bayacekiseka ngoku.
Emva kwayo yonke le nto, kwenzeka ntoni kwinkonzo ye "micro-travel" emelwe zi-scooters zombane phesheya kolwandle?
Ibali leSexy leMile yokugqibela
Ikhonkco lonikezelo lwaseTshayina + uhambo olwabelwana ngalo + imarike eyinkunzi yaphesheya, esi sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba abatyali mali baphesheya baphambana malunga nemarike yokuhamba ekwabelwana ngayo ekuqaleni.
Kwimfazwe yasekhaya yokwabelana ngeebhayisikile eyayigquba, ikomkhulu laphesheya kweelwandle lawabona amathuba oshishino akhoyo aza afumana ekujoliswe kuko afanelekileyo.
EUnited States, abathathi-nxaxheba abamelwe yiLime kunye neNyoni baye bafumana "isethi yokuhamba kathathu" ejoliswe kwiibhayisikili ezingenazintambo, iibhayisikili zombane kunye ne-scooters zombane ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhamba ezimfutshane zabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo.Isisombululo esigqibeleleyo.
USun Weiyao, umseki weLime, wakhankanya oku kudliwano-ndlebe: “Umlinganiselo wokuhlawulwa kwezithuthuthu zombane uphakame kakhulu, yaye abantu badla ngokwenza idinga lokuzisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba ‘zifike emhlabeni’.Kwiindawo ezinoxinano oluphezulu lwabemi, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwee-scooters liphezulu.;yaye xa behamba imigama emide, abantu batyekele ngakumbi ekukhetheni izithuthi zombane;abantu abathanda imidlalo ezixekweni bakulungele ukusebenzisa iibhayisekile ekwabelwana ngazo.”
“Ngokokubuyiselwa kweendleko, iimveliso zombane zineengenelo ezininzi.Kuba abasebenzisi bazimisele ukuhlawula ngaphezulu ukonwabela amava angcono emveliso, kodwa ixabiso lemveliso liphezulu, njengesidingo sokutshintsha ibhetri okanye ukutshaja kwakhona. ”
Kwiplani efunyenwe yi-unicorns, undoqo wesikhundla se-C ngokwenene sisithuthuthu sombane, kungekhona nje ngenxa yeenyawo zayo ezincinci, isantya esikhawulezayo, kunye nokuphathwa kakuhle, kodwa nangenxa yexabiso elongezelelweyo eliziswe bubuchwepheshe bayo kunye neempawu zokukhusela indalo. .
Ubalo lubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-post-90s eUnited States ubambe ilayisenisi yokuqhuba wehlile ukusuka kwi-91% kwiminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya kwi-77% ngo-2014. ngee-scooters zombane ekwabelwana ngazo, ikwahambelana nemvelaphi yokunyuka kweentshukumo zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ukusukela kwiwaka leminyaka elitsha.
“Intsikelelo” evela kwishishini lemveliso laseTshayina ibe sesinye isizathu esibalulekileyo “sokuvuthwa” kwala maqonga aphesheya kweelwandle.
Ngapha koko, ii-scooters zombane ezazisetyenziswa kuqala ziinkampani ezinjengeNtaka kunye neLime ubukhulu becala bezivela kwiinkampani zaseTshayina.Ezi mveliso azinanzuzo kuphela kwixabiso, kodwa kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso imveliso ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-ecology enkulu yeshishini.Ukuphuculwa kwemveliso kunika inkxaso efanelekileyo.
Ukuthatha iLime njengomzekelo, kwathatha iminyaka emithathu ukusuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala seemveliso ze-scooter ukuya kwisizukulwana sesine seemveliso ze-scooter, kodwa izizukulwana ezibini zokuqala zeemveliso zenziwe ziinkampani zasekhaya, kwaye isizukulwana sesithathu sayilwa ngokuzimeleyo yiLime. .Ukuthembela kwinkqubo yaseTshayina yonikezelo oluqolileyo.
Ukwenza ibali "lokugqibela lemayile" libe shushu ngakumbi, iLime kunye neNtaka nazo zasebenzisa "ubulumko" beqonga.
Kwezinye iindawo, abasebenzisi beLime kunye neNtaka banokuthatha ngokuthe ngqo ii-scooters zombane zangaphandle ekhaya, bahlawule ezi scooters ebusuku, kwaye bazibuyisele kwiindawo ezichongiweyo ekuseni, ukuze iqonga lihlawule abasebenzisi imali ethile, Kwaye ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki. yokupaka ngokungacwangciswanga kwee-scooters zombane.
Nangona kunjalo, kufana nemeko yasekhaya, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ziye zavela ngexesha lokukhuthazwa kwee-scooters zombane ezabelwana ngazo e-United States naseYurophu.Umzekelo, ii-scooters ezininzi zibekwe ecaleni kwendlela okanye kwindawo yokungena yokupaka ngaphandle kolawulo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwabahambi ngeenyawo.Kwakukho izikhalazo ezivela kwabanye abantu basekuhlaleni.Kukwakho abantu abakhwele izithuthuthu ecaleni kwendlela, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lobuqu lwabahambi ngeenyawo.
Ngenxa yokufika kwalo bhubhani, intsimi yezothutho yehlabathi iye yachaphazeleka kakhulu.Kwanee-scooters zombane ekwabelwana ngazo ezisombulula iimayile zokugqibela ziye zadibana nobunzima obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili.
Olu hlobo lwempembelelo kungakhathaliseki ukuba imida yelizwe luye lwahlala iminyaka emithathu kwaye luchaphazele kakhulu ishishini la maqonga okuhamba.
Njengesisombululo "kwi-mile yokugqibela" yenkqubo yokuhamba, abantu ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa iimveliso ezivela kwi-Lime, Bird kunye nezinye iiplatifomu ezixutywe kunye ne-subways, iibhasi, njl. Emva kobhubhane, zonke iindawo zothutho zikawonkewonke zijongene nokuhla okubukhali kubagibeli.
Ngokutsho kwedatha yeSixeko saseLab entwasahlobo yokugqibela, inani labakhweli bezithuthi zikawonkewonke kwizixeko ezikhulu zaseYurophu, eMelika naseChina babonise ukuhla okubukhali kwe-50-90%;ukuhamba kwetrafikhi kwindlela esemantla yabahambi kaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba kummandla waseNew York kuphela kwehle ngama-95%;i-Bay Area MRT eNorthern California System ridership yancitshiswa nge-93% kwinyanga enye.
Ngeli xesha, ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kwesantya sokusetyenziswa kweemveliso "zezothutho ezithathu" eziqaliswe yiLime kunye neNyoni yaba yinto engenakuphepheka.
Ukongeza, nokuba ngaba ii-scooters zombane, iibhayisekile zombane okanye iibhayisekile, ezi zixhobo zokuhamba ezamkela imodeli yokwabelana, ingxaki yentsholongwane kwindyikityha iye yazisa abantu inqanaba elinzulu lokuxhalabisa, abasebenzisi abanako ukuqinisekiswa ukuba bachukumise imoto abanye abanayo. ndichukumise nje .
Ngokutsho kovavanyo lukaMcKinsey, nokuba lishishini okanye uhambo lomntu, "uloyiko lokufumana iintsholongwane kwiindawo ekwabelwana ngazo" kuye kwaba sesona sizathu sokuba abantu bangavumi ukusebenzisa uhambo lokuhamba kancinci.
Oku kuhla komsebenzi kuyichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo ingeniso yazo zonke iinkampani.
Ekwindla ka-2020, emva kokufikelela kwinqanaba labakhweli abazizigidi ezingama-200 kwihlabathi liphela, uLime uxelele abatyali-mali ukuba inkampani iya kufezekisa ukuhamba kwemali okuqinisekileyo kunye nokuphuma kwemali okusimahla okokuqala kwikota yesithathu yaloo nyaka, kwaye iya kuba nengeniso. unyaka wonke ka-2021.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko impembelelo yobhubhane isanda kwihlabathi jikelele, imeko yezoshishino elandelayo ayiphucukanga.
Ngokutsho kwengxelo yophando, ukusebenzisa i-scooter yombane ekwabelwana ngayo nganye ngaphantsi kwamaxesha amane ngosuku kuya kwenza ukuba umqhubi angazinzi ngokwemali (oko kukuthi, iifizi zabasebenzisi azikwazi ukuhlawula iindleko zokusebenza zebhayisikili nganye).
Ngokutsho kweThe Infomation, ngo-2018, i-Bird's scooter yombane yayisetyenziswe umyinge wamaxesha ama-5 ngosuku, kwaye umsebenzisi oqhelekileyo uhlawule i-$ 3.65.Iqela leNtaka lixelele abatyali-mali ukuba inkampani isendleleni yokuvelisa i-65 yezigidi zeedola kwingeniso yonyaka kunye nomda we-19%.
Umda opheleleyo we-19% ubonakala ulungile, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba emva kokuhlawulela intlawulo, ukulungiswa, iintlawulo, i-inshurensi, njl.
Ngokwamanani amva nje, ingeniso yeNtaka ngonyaka ka-2020 yayizizigidi ezingama-78 zeedola, ngelahleko engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200 zeedola.
Ukongezelela, kukho ukunyuka okungaphezulu kweendleko zokusebenza ezibekwe phezulu kule nto: kwelinye icala, iqonga lokusebenza alinaxanduva kuphela lokuhlawula nokugcina iimveliso, kodwa libabulale iintsholongwane ukuze baqinisekise ukucoceka kwabo;kwelinye icala, ezi mveliso azikho zokwabelana kunye noyilo, ngoko kulula ukudiliza.Ezi ngxaki aziqhelekanga kwinqanaba lokuqala leqonga, kodwa njengoko imveliso ibekwe kwizixeko ezininzi, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu.
Ngokwesiqhelo ii-scooters zethu zombane zomgangatho wabathengi zingahlala iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwisiqingatha sonyaka, ngelixa ixesha lokuphila kwee-scooters zombane ekwabelwana ngazo limalunga neenyanga ezili-15, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zeemveliso.Umntu obandakanyeka kumashishini okuvelisa anxulumeneyo Iingcali zathi nangona iimveliso zezi nkampani ze-unicorn zitshintshela ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimoto ezakhelwe ngokwazo kwixesha elizayo, iindleko kusenzima ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza, sesinye sezizathu zokuba ukuxhaswa rhoqo kwemali kusekho. engenangeniso.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingxaki yemiqobo ephantsi yoshishino isekhona.Amaqonga afana neLime kunye neNtaka ziinkokeli zeshishini.Nangona benemali ethile kunye neenzuzo zeqonga, iimveliso zabo azinawo amava akhokelayo ngokupheleleyo.Abasebenzisi bamava emveliso basebenzise kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo Batshintshana, kwaye akukho mntu ungcono kakhulu okanye umbi kakhulu.Kule meko, kulula kubasebenzisi ukutshintsha iinkonzo ngenxa yenani leemoto.
Kunzima ukwenza ingeniso enkulu kwiinkonzo zezothutho, kwaye ngokwembali, iinkampani kuphela ebezinengeniso ethe gqolo ibingabenzi beemoto.
Nangona kunjalo, amaqonga aqesha ikakhulu izithuthuthu zombane, iibhayisekile zombane, kunye neebhayisekile ekwabelwana ngazo zinokufumana indawo eqinileyo kwaye ziphuhlise ngokuvakalayo kuphela ngenxa yozinzo kunye netraffic enkulu yabasebenzisi.Ngexesha elifutshane ngaphambi kokuba ubhubhane uphele, abatyali-mali kunye namaqonga abanako ukubona ithemba elinjalo.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli ka-2018, uMeituan wafumana ngokupheleleyo i-Mobike ye-US $ 2.7 yebhiliyoni, ephawula ukuphela "kwemfazwe yokwabelana ngebhayisikili" yasekhaya.
Imfazwe yebhayisekile ekwabelwana ngayo evela kwi "imfazwe ye-intanethi ye-car-hailing war" inokuthiwa enye imfazwe ye-iconic kwixesha le-capital frenzy.Ukuchitha imali kunye nokuhlawula ukuhlala emarikeni, inkokeli yoshishino kunye neyesibini edityanisiweyo ukuze ilawule ngokupheleleyo imarike yayizezona ndlela zivuthiweyo ze-Intanethi yasekhaya ngelo xesha, kwaye akukho nanye kuzo.
Kulo rhulumente ngelo xesha, oosomashishini abazange bafune, kwaye kwakungenakwenzeka ukubala umlinganiselo wengeniso kunye negalelo-mveliso.Kuthiwa iqela le-Mobike libuyele emva kwesiganeko, kwaye inkampani yafumana ilahleko enkulu, emva nje kokufumana utyalo-mali olukhulu kwaye iqala ukuqalisa inkonzo "yekhadi lenyanga".Emva koko, ukutshintshiselana kwelahleko kwimarike kuye kwaphuma ngakumbi kulawulo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-intanethi ye-car-hailing okanye i-bikes ekwabelwana ngayo, ukuthutha kunye neenkonzo zokuhamba zihlala zingamashishini anzima kakhulu kunye neenzuzo eziphantsi.Kuphela yimisebenzi enzulu eqongeni enokuba yinzuzo ngokwenene.Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso ye-crazy ye-capital, oosomashishini kumzila ngokuqinisekileyo baya kungena kwigazi "idabi lokuziphendukela kwemvelo".
Ngaloo ndlela, ii-scooters zombane zaseYurophu nase-United States zinokuthi zifana neebhayisikile ekwabelwana ngazo, kwaye "zexesha legolide" le-venture capital hot money kuyo yonke indawo.Ngeli xesha lokunqongophala kwenkunzi, abatyali-mali abalumkileyo banika ingqwalasela ngakumbi kwidatha yengeniso kunye ne-input-output ratio.Ngeli xesha, ukuwa kwe-unicorn yokwabelana ngee-scooters zombane sisiphelo esingenakuphepheka.
Namhlanje, xa umhlaba ngokuthe ngcembe uqhelana nobhubhane kwaye ubomi bubuyela ngokuthe ngcembe, imfuno "yemayile yokugqibela" kwindawo yezothutho isekhona.
UMcKinsey wenze uphando lwabantu abangaphezu kwe-7,000 kwimimandla esixhenxe yehlabathi emva koqhambuko, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba njengoko umhlaba ubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, umkhwa wabantu wokusebenzisa izithuthi ezincinci ezizezabucala kwinqanaba elilandelayo ziya kunyuka nge-9% xa kuthelekiswa. kunye nexesha elidlulileyo lobhubhane.Ukuthambekela ekusebenziseni iinguqulelo ekwabelwana ngazo kwiimoto zothutho ezincinci kunyuke nge-12%.
Ngokucacileyo, kukho imiqondiso yokubuyisela kwintsimi ye-micro-travel, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukutsho ukuba ithemba lekamva lilelama-scooters ombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-19-2022